Using Peter & Valkenburg’s (2008) framework of perceived realism, a systematic review was conducted. The review examined existing academic literature to better understand the role that SEM played in shaping young people’s perceptions of sexuality; particularly knowledge, attitudes and behaviours. Perceived realism defined two constructs; social realism or how closely the media resembled real life situations, and utility or its value as a source of education and information.
The research showed numerous risks associated with viewing SEM which were inextricably tied to the absence of discourse about the social realities of human sexuality and the dearth of comprehensive sexuality education for young people. The key themes that emerged in relation to perceptions of sexuality were; confusion, knowledge, uncertainty in what is known, identification of knowledge confirming aspects, attitudes, permissive sexual attitudes, objectification of women, behaviour, sexual activity and sexual aggression. The research also showed that despite the negative press the youth in the studies consistently alluded to themes of confusion and critical enquiry. This highlighted the ever growing need for trained sexuality educators who understand not only sexuality but the mutually constituted environment in which young people now undergo sexual socialisation. This includes media literacy skills that assist young people navigate their identity development and the conflicting messaging of SEM.
