Medir la eficacia del tratamiento psicosocial que reciben las victimas de tortura

Medir la eficacia del tratamiento psicosocial que reciben las victimas de tortura

2012-06-01 00:00:00 19m

El equipo clínico del Centro de Atención Psicosocial CAPS realizó una investigación en el año 2008 basada en dos componentes. EL primero, basado en la creación de un instrumento de identificación de problemas de salud mental en adultos afectados por la violencia política, que recoja las características culturales propias de las poblaciones en Perú. El segundo componente, conocer los grados de recuperación de los pacientes que asisten al servicio de psicoterapia tanto de manera global como en determinadas áreas.

El propósito fundamental ha sido medir la eficacia del tratamiento psicosocial que reciben las víctimas de tortura (según la acepción amplia del término adoptada por naciones Unidas, la misma que incluye sobrevivientes de masacres, familiares de torturados y asesinados, y desaparecidos) que asisten al local central del CAPS.

La medición se realizó a una muestra de 90 pacientes que acudieron al servicio, siendo el grupo comparativo las personas que luego de la primera sesión (de admisión) no iniciaron el tratamiento psicoterapéutico.

Se utilizó la Escala de Autopercepción de Secuelas Psicológicas por Violencia Política (primer componente de investigación) elaborada por el CAPS y que está basada en la metodología empleada por el Departamento de Investigación del Center for Victims of Torture de Minneapolis.
Las personas fueron evaluadas con esta nueva Escala y con la entrevista clínica psiquiátrica que se utiliza en diversos servicios de salud mental en el Perú. Ambas herramientas se administraron antes del inicio de la terapia (en la primera sesión) y luego de doce sesiones que corresponde al plan de tratamiento establecido por el CAPS. El tratamiento consistió en sesiones de psicoterapia y servicios de psiquiatría, trabajo social y/o fisioterapia en los casos que así lo requerían.

Al aplicar los estadísticos comparativos, la población que recibió el tratamiento mostró evidencias significativas de mejoría de sus secuelas psicológicas en comparación de aquellas que no recibieron tratamiento.

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